Episode 31

Book of Abraham Pt. 2 - Translation Apologetics

Original Air Date: 2022-12-16

Book of AbrahamApologeticsCatalyst Theory

This video, featuring host John Dehlin, Mike from LDS Discussions, and guest Gerardo Samano, serves as "Part 2" of a series on the Book of Abraham. While the previous episode established that Joseph Smith’s translation of the papyri does not match the actual Egyptian text, this episode critiques the specific apologetic arguments—primarily the "Long Scroll" and "Catalyst" theories—offered by the LDS Church to reconcile these discrepancies 1, 2.

Here is a detailed summary of the arguments and evidence presented in the video:

  • 1. The Methodologies of LDS Apologists
  • The hosts begin by analyzing the epistemic frameworks of the Church’s two primary Egyptologists, Kerry Muhlestein and John Gee.

  • Motivated Reasoning: The video highlights a clip where Kerry Muhlestein admits that he starts with the assumption that the Book of Abraham is true and attempts to fit any evidence found into that paradigm 3. The hosts argue this is the antithesis of the scientific method and amounts to "saying the quiet part out loud"—using academic credentials to push theology rather than unbiased scholarship 4, 5.
  • Persecution Narratives: John Gee is shown defending his reputation by claiming that critiques of his scholarship amount to "poisoning the well" and "ad hominem" attacks comparable to religious persecution 6, 7. The hosts counter that critics like Dr. Robert Ritner are not attacking Gee personally, but are rightfully criticizing "abhorrent" scholarship that misrepresents the field of Egyptology 8, 9.
  • 2. Debunking the "Long Scroll" (or "Missing Scroll") Theory
  • This theory suggests that the Book of Abraham was translated from a portion of the papyri that is now lost (potentially burned in the Chicago Fire), and that the fragments the Church currently possesses are not the source text 10. The video dismantles this theory using three main points:

  • The Manuscripts and Facsimiles: The surviving translation manuscripts show scribes writing down Egyptian characters from the existing fragments (specifically the ones next to Facsimile 1) in sequential order, followed by the English translation 11. Furthermore, Abraham 1:12-14 expressly refers the reader to the "representation at the commencement of this record" (Facsimile 1), linking the text directly to the surviving fragments rather than a missing scroll 12-14.
  • Mathematical Impossibility: Using the frequency of damage patterns (lacunae) on the rolled papyrus, scholars can mathematically calculate the original length of the scroll. These calculations show that the missing portion is approximately 56 centimeters—far too short to contain the Book of Abraham, which would require over 500 centimeters 15.
  • Scholarly Recantation: The hosts highlight Brian Hauglid, a former BYU professor and apologist who worked on the Joseph Smith Papers Project. Hauglid recanted his support for the missing scroll theory, stating he found the apologetics of Gee and Muhlestein "abhorrent" and now agrees with critics that Joseph translated from the existing fragments 16-19.
  • 3. Debunking the "Catalyst Theory"
  • As the "Long Scroll" theory has become untenable, many apologists have pivoted to the "Catalyst Theory." This argues that the papyri were merely physical props that inspired Joseph Smith to receive a revelation about Abraham, meaning the text was never intended to be a literal translation 20. The hosts argue this fails for several reasons:

  • Contradicts Joseph Smith: Joseph Smith repeatedly claimed in his journals to be "translating" the Egyptian language. He identified the characters as specific hieroglyphics and claimed the scroll was written "by Abraham's own hand" 21-23.
  • The "Trickster God" Problem: If the text was a revelation independent of the papyri, the hosts ask why God would inspire Joseph to include verses (Abr 1:12-14) that incorrectly point readers to specific Egyptian figures as evidence of the story. This theory requires believing that God intentionally set Joseph up to look like a fraud by linking a divine text to a funeral document that has nothing to do with Abraham 24, 25.
  • Internal Apologetic Conflict: Interestingly, apologist John Gee is shown rejecting the Catalyst Theory because it ignores the historical evidence that Joseph explicitly claimed to be translating Egyptian 26, 27.
  • 4. Specific "Smoking Guns" and Misrepresentations

    The video analyzes specific instances where apologists allegedly manipulate data to maintain belief.

  • Facsimile 3: The hosts identify Facsimile 3 as a definitive "smoking gun." Joseph Smith provided translations for specific characters above the heads of figures in this image. These characters are preserved, they are not missing, and Egyptologists confirm Joseph translated them incorrectly 28, 29. This negates the "Long Scroll" defense (because we have the source) and the "Catalyst" defense (because God wouldn't reveal false definitions for existing characters) 29.
  • The Lion Couch Misrepresentation: Kerry Muhlestein is criticized for claiming that a "lion couch" scene in a different papyrus (the Leiden Papyrus) mentions "Abraham upon his couch." The hosts clarify that the text is actually a love charm that lists various religious names, not a label for the figure on the couch, which is a woman 30, 31.
  • Deceptive Imagery: The video accuses Muhlestein of visual deception during presentations. When arguing that critics make false assumptions about the source text, he displays Facsimile 1 but crops out the adjacent Egyptian characters—the very characters the manuscripts prove Joseph used for translation. The hosts argue this intentional omission is dishonest 32, 33.
  • Conclusion

    The video concludes that the LDS Church is in a precarious position, funding two distinct groups of apologists (Gee supporting the Long Scroll, Muhlestein supporting the Catalyst) whose theories contradict one another 34. The hosts suggest that the Church is effectively "deceiving" members by promoting theories that contradict the Church's own resources (like the Joseph Smith Papers) and standards of honesty, ultimately creating an environment where the "One True Church" relies on confusing and irreconcilable explanations to retain members 35, 36.

    Insight: The hosts argue that the apologetic strategy creates a "shell game" where the goal isn't to provide a consistent answer, but to offer any answer to create plausible deniability, even if those answers (like the Catalyst Theory) render Joseph Smith's own claims about his prophetic powers untrue 37, 38.

    Episode Info

    Guests: Mike (LDS Discussions), Nemo the Mormon

    Related Article: LDS Discussions