Episode 33

What are the Kinderhook Plates?

Original Air Date: 2023-01-09

Kinderhook PlatesJoseph SmithTranslation

This detailed summary covers the history, controversy, and implications of the Kinderhook Plates as presented in the video by Mormon Stories Podcast and LDS Discussions.

The Discovery and Joseph Smith’s TranslationThe episode focuses on the Kinderhook Plates as a critical test of Joseph Smith's claim to be a divinely appointed translator 1, 2. In April 1843, Robert Wiley began digging in Kinderhook, Illinois, claiming he had seen the location in dreams, a detail reminiscent of treasure digging folklore 3. Wiley and his team discovered six bell-shaped brass plates covered in symbols alongside skeletal remains 4. Because a Mormon was present during the excavation, the plates were brought to Joseph Smith, who had already established himself as a translator of ancient records 4, 5.

Joseph Smith translated a portion of the characters, declaring that the plates contained the history of a person who was a descendant of Ham through the lineage of Pharaoh, King of Egypt 5. His scribe, William Clayton, recorded this translation in his journal, noting that Joseph said the person received his kingdom from the ruler of heaven and earth 5, 6. The discovery generated significant excitement among early Latter-day Saints, with Church publications like the Times and Seasons and Nauvoo Neighbor publishing facsimiles of the plates and asserting they would prove the authenticity of the Book of Mormon 7, 8. Apostle Parley P. Pratt also endorsed the plates, comparing their characters to the Egyptian papyri used for the Book of Abraham 9.

The Hoax Revealed and Church DefensesIn 1879, Wilbur Fugate, one of the original diggers, confessed that the plates were a hoax designed to trick Joseph Smith 10. Fugate explained that they forged the plates using acid to etch the characters 10. Despite this confession, Church leaders and apologists defended the authenticity of the plates for over a century 11. B.H. Roberts, a prominent Church historian, argued in the early 20th century that Fugate was lying and that the plates were genuine because Joseph Smith—a prophet—had translated them 12. As late as 1979, Apostle Mark E. Peterson wrote that "most experts" agreed the plates were of ancient vintage 13.

Scientific Proof and the Apologetic PivotIn 1980, the Chicago Historical Society performed destructive testing on one of the surviving plates 14. The tests confirmed Fugate's story: the plates were made of a modern brass alloy not available in ancient times and the characters had indeed been etched with acid 15. Consequently, the LDS Church was forced to change its narrative in an August 1981 Ensign article, admitting the plates were a 19th-century fraud 16.

However, the hosts highlight that the Church simultaneously shifted its defense to claim Joseph Smith never actually translated the plates, despite 140 years of teaching otherwise 17, 18. The Church attempted to discredit William Clayton’s journal entry, suggesting the source of the translation claim was "unknown," even though Clayton was Joseph's trusted scribe and was with him the day the plates were examined 19, 20.

Implications for Mormon Truth ClaimsThe video argues that the Kinderhook Plates present several major problems for Joseph Smith's credibility:

  • Lack of Discernment: Joseph Smith failed to detect a fraud created by local men, claiming instead that it was an ancient record related to Ham and Pharaoh 21. The hosts argue that if he could not discern a hoax when he wasn't in control of the source material, it casts doubt on his other revelations 21.
  • The GAEL Connection: Modern apologists like FairMormon suggest Joseph translated the characters by matching them to his Grammar and Alphabet of the Egyptian Language (GAEL) rather than by revelation 22. The hosts point out that this admission destroys the "missing scroll" defense for the Book of Abraham; if Joseph used the GAEL to translate the Kinderhook plates, it confirms he considered the GAEL a valid tool he created, undermining theories that his scribes created the GAEL without him 23, 24.
  • A Pattern of Failed Translations: The hosts contextualize this event within a broader pattern, noting that the Book of Abraham, the Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible, and the Kinderhook Plates all show evidence of incorrect translation 2, 25.
  • ConclusionThe episode concludes that the Kinderhook Plates offered Joseph Smith a clear opportunity to prove his prophetic ability by exposing the hoax, yet he instead validated it as ancient history 26. The hosts argue that because this is the one instance where we possess the physical plates Joseph claimed to translate, and they are proven fakes, it serves as a "smoking gun" against his claims of being a seer 27, 28.

    To use an analogy referenced in the discussion: relying on Joseph Smith's translation abilities after the failures of the Book of Abraham and the Kinderhook Plates is like returning to a car salesman who has already sold you three "clunkers"—at some point, the pattern of failure suggests the claims are not reliable 25.

    Episode Info

    Guests: Mike (LDS Discussions), Nemo the Mormon

    Related Article: LDS Discussions