Episode 34

Overview of Joseph Smith's Translations

Original Air Date: 2023-01-16

TranslationBook of MormonBook of AbrahamJST

This video, episode 34 of the "LDS Discussions" series on the Mormon Stories Podcast, features host John Dehlin, Mike from LDS Discussions, and Nemo the Mormon. The episode, titled "Joseph Smith’s Translations - Review and Analysis," evaluates Joseph Smith's credibility as a translator by examining six specific instances where he claimed to translate ancient records or receive revealed text, and where source materials exist to verify his claims 1, 2, 3.

Here is a detailed summary of the six translation projects covered in the video:

  • 1. The Book of Mormon Characters
  • The hosts examine a document containing characters Joseph Smith reportedly copied from the Gold Plates to show to Martin Harris 4.

  • The Analysis: The "reformed Egyptian" characters appear to be a modification of the English alphabet and numbers available to Smith in the 19th century 5. For example, every letter of the English alphabet and every number can be found within the characters by simply turning or twisting them 5, 6.
  • The Verdict: The panel concludes this is a fail. There is no evidence "reformed Egyptian" ever existed as a language 7. The characters do not resemble any ancient script but do resemble "deformed English," suggesting Smith fabricated them 5, 8.
  • 2. The Joseph Smith Translation (JST) of the Bible
  • Joseph Smith undertook a project to revise the King James Bible, claiming to restore "plain and precious truths" via revelation 9.

  • The Analysis: Recent scholarship, including a study published by BYU, reveals that Smith relied heavily on Adam Clark’s Bible Commentary, a common Methodist text from the era 10. The study found hundreds of parallels where Smith incorporated Clark’s academic suggestions directly into the JST as if they were divine revelations 11.
  • The Verdict: The panel concludes this is a fail and effectively plagiarism. Rather than translating ancient languages or receiving pure revelation, Smith was borrowing theological ideas and textual emendations from a contemporary academic source 12, 13.
  • 3. The Pure Adamic Language
  • In 1832, Joseph Smith produced a sample of the "pure language" spoken by Adam 14.

  • The Analysis: The translation samples provided by Smith appear to be crude modifications of English. For instance, the Adamic name for God is "Awmen," and "Sons of God" is translated as "Sons Awmen" 15, 16.
  • The Verdict: The hosts categorize this as a fail and "gibberish" 17. They argue that because Adam and Eve are not historical figures (based on previous discussions regarding evolution and linguistics), a language attributed to them cannot exist 18, 19. Furthermore, the lack of linguistic creativity—simply repurposing the word "Amen"—suggests a lack of genuine ancient origin 16.
  • 4. The Book of Abraham

    This section reviews Smith's claim to translate Egyptian papyri into the Book of Abraham.

  • The Analysis: The source papyri, which were rediscovered in the 20th century, are standard funerary texts dating roughly 2,000 years after Abraham lived 20. The hosts highlight Facsimile 3 as a "smoking gun" because Smith explicitly labeled specific characters in the image as "King Pharaoh" and "Prince of Pharaoh," whereas modern Egyptologists identify them as female deities (Isis and Maat) 21, 22.
  • The Verdict: This is a definitive fail. The church’s own essay admits the characters on the papyri do not match Smith's translation 20. The panel notes that Smith failed to correctly identify the gender of the figures in the facsimiles, proving he could not read Egyptian 22.
  • 5. The Kinderhook Plates

    In 1843, a group of men forged brass plates to trick Joseph Smith.

  • The Analysis: Joseph Smith examined the plates and offered a partial translation, claiming they told the history of a descendant of Ham through the loins of Pharaoh 23. The plates were later proven via scientific testing to be 19th-century forgeries created with acid 24.
  • The Verdict: The panel marks this as a fail. Because Smith attempted to translate a known fraud, his claim to have received the translation via divine means is demonstrably false 25.
  • 6. The Lost Writings of John (D&C 93)

    In Doctrine and Covenants section 93, Joseph Smith claims to reveal a lost record written by the Apostle John 26.

  • The Analysis: Citing biblical scholar Dr. David Bokovoy, the hosts explain that the revealed text uses "Johannine" language (language mimicking the Gospel of John) but introduces theology that contradicts the actual Gospel of John 27, 28. Specifically, the idea that Jesus "received not of the fullness at the first" but grew "grace for grace" contradicts the high Christology of the Gospel of John, where Jesus is the Son of God from the beginning 28.
  • The Verdict: The panel concludes this is a fail, as the text reflects Smith’s evolving theology rather than the actual writings or theology of the author of the Gospel of John 29.
  • Conclusion

    The hosts summarize that Joseph Smith is "0 for 6" on translation claims where source material is available for verification 30, 31.

  • The Implication: They argue that these are not isolated errors but a consistent pattern of Smith claiming to translate ancient records while actually producing 19th-century content 31.
  • Final Thoughts: The episode concludes that because Smith used these fraudulent translations to establish his authority as a prophet—which he then used to acquire power, money, and wives—his behavior fits the definition of a charlatan or fraud 32, 33.
  • Episode Info

    Guests: Mike (LDS Discussions), Nemo the Mormon

    Related Article: LDS Discussions